Two Stroke Diesel Engine
The Two-Stroke Cycle
Like the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine must go through the same four events: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. But a two-stroke engine requires only two strokes of the piston to complete one full cycle. Therefore, it requires only one rotation of the crankshaft to complete a cycle. This means several events must occur during each stroke for all four events to be completed in two strokes, as opposed to the four-stroke engine where each stroke basically contains one event.
In a two-stroke engine the camshaft is geared so that it rotates at the same speed as the crankshaft (1:1). The following section will describe a two-stroke, supercharged, diesel engine having intake ports and exhaust valves with a 3.5-inch bore and 4-inch stroke with a 16:1 compression ratio, as it passes through one complete cycle. We will start on the exhaust stroke. All the timing marks given are generic and will vary from engine to engine.
Exhaust and Intake
At 82° ATDC, with the piston near the end of its power stroke, the exhaust cam begins to lift the exhaust valves follower. The valve lash is taken up, and 9° later (91° ATDC), the rocker arm forces the exhaust valve off its seat. The exhaust gasses start to escape into the exhaust manifold, as shown in Figure 21. Cylinder pressure starts to decrease.
After the piston travels three-quarters of its (down) stroke, or 132° ATDC of crankshaft rotation, the piston starts to uncover the inlet ports. As the exhaust valve is still open, the uncovering of the inlet ports lets the compressed fresh air enter the cylinder and helps cool the cylinder and scavenge the cylinder of the remaining exhaust gasses (Figure 22).Commonly, intake and exhaust occur over approximately 96° of crankshaft rotation.
At 43° ABDC, the camshaft starts to close the exhaust valve. At 53° ABDC (117° BTDC), the camshaft has rotated sufficiently to allow the spring pressure to close the
exhaust valve. Also, as the piston travels past 48°ABDC (5° after the exhaust valve starts closing), the intake ports are closed off by the piston.
Like the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine must go through the same four events: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. But a two-stroke engine requires only two strokes of the piston to complete one full cycle. Therefore, it requires only one rotation of the crankshaft to complete a cycle. This means several events must occur during each stroke for all four events to be completed in two strokes, as opposed to the four-stroke engine where each stroke basically contains one event.
In a two-stroke engine the camshaft is geared so that it rotates at the same speed as the crankshaft (1:1). The following section will describe a two-stroke, supercharged, diesel engine having intake ports and exhaust valves with a 3.5-inch bore and 4-inch stroke with a 16:1 compression ratio, as it passes through one complete cycle. We will start on the exhaust stroke. All the timing marks given are generic and will vary from engine to engine.
Exhaust and Intake
At 82° ATDC, with the piston near the end of its power stroke, the exhaust cam begins to lift the exhaust valves follower. The valve lash is taken up, and 9° later (91° ATDC), the rocker arm forces the exhaust valve off its seat. The exhaust gasses start to escape into the exhaust manifold, as shown in Figure 21. Cylinder pressure starts to decrease.
After the piston travels three-quarters of its (down) stroke, or 132° ATDC of crankshaft rotation, the piston starts to uncover the inlet ports. As the exhaust valve is still open, the uncovering of the inlet ports lets the compressed fresh air enter the cylinder and helps cool the cylinder and scavenge the cylinder of the remaining exhaust gasses (Figure 22).Commonly, intake and exhaust occur over approximately 96° of crankshaft rotation.
At 43° ABDC, the camshaft starts to close the exhaust valve. At 53° ABDC (117° BTDC), the camshaft has rotated sufficiently to allow the spring pressure to close the
exhaust valve. Also, as the piston travels past 48°ABDC (5° after the exhaust valve starts closing), the intake ports are closed off by the piston.
Compression
After the exhaust valve is on its seat (53° ATDC), the temperature and pressure begin to rise in nearly the same fashion as in the four-stroke engine. Figure 23 illustrates the compression in a 2-stroke engine. At 23° BTDC the injector cam begins to lift the
injector follower and pushrod. Fuel injection continues until 6° BTDC (17 total degrees of injection), as illustrated in Figure 24.
After the exhaust valve is on its seat (53° ATDC), the temperature and pressure begin to rise in nearly the same fashion as in the four-stroke engine. Figure 23 illustrates the compression in a 2-stroke engine. At 23° BTDC the injector cam begins to lift the
injector follower and pushrod. Fuel injection continues until 6° BTDC (17 total degrees of injection), as illustrated in Figure 24.
Power
The power stroke starts after the piston passes TDC. Figure 25 illustrates the power stroke which continues until the piston reaches 91° ATDC, at which point the
exhaust valves start to open and a new cycle begins.
The power stroke starts after the piston passes TDC. Figure 25 illustrates the power stroke which continues until the piston reaches 91° ATDC, at which point the
exhaust valves start to open and a new cycle begins.
Comments
THE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ENGINE:
1) The rated speed : 1500rpm, four strokes, inline. Fan and water tank cooling system, up to the ISO3046 standard
2) The rated output: from 15kW (18.75kVA) to 90kW (112.5kVA)
3) The engine model: RICARDO
4) The character of the engine:
n High efficiency. Low exhaust,good start eddiciency
n 24V DC start motor
n Egnine driven alternator
n High pressure oil pump
n Turbine charge
n Three filters
n SAE flywheel shell
THE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ALTERNATOR:
The world first class alternator, up to the GB755, BS5000, VDE0530, IEC34-1, CSA22.2, AS2359 standard,brushless and self-excitation,it be can supply excitation in many cases:
STAMFORD/ MARATHON/ LEROY SOMER/ QIANGHUI
Standard pitch winding can be inhibit current’s nterruption
Insulation Class: H Protection class: H
Frequency at stable state: ≤±1.0%；
Telephone’s interference: THF < 2%, TIF < 50；
THE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE GENERATING SET:
The basic specifications: 230 / 400V AC, 50Hz / 60Hz, 0.8Pf , three phase four wires
Character: base fuel tank for 8 hours
Use: can be used for the open type and the soundproof type , automatic type
Control system:
a) Automatic alarm system: the unit has the acousto-optics alarm system and arrestor for any situation as the start defeat, the water is over temperature, the oil pulls down, over speed, over load and over current
b) Operation display:
i) Unit voltage, tri-phase load current and frequency display
ii) Water temperature, oil pressure display
iii) Fuel level, fuel temperature display
iv) Audible and visual alarm lamps and buzzers
Supply standard collocation:
a) Diesel engine with all accessories, 3 filter, electric systems
b) Alternator
c) Steel structure
d) sea water and fresh exchange heater
e) Flange connector
f) 12 / 24V starting motor and charge engine
g) Air cleaner, fuel cleaner, oil cleaner
h) On-board control panel
i) MCCB air conservation switch
j) 12 / 24V starting accumulator and Battery line
k) Set shock absorber